INTRODUCTION:
Complex software systems are often developed using the well-liked programming paradigm known as object-oriented programming (OOP). OOP principles, which include Data Abstraction, Encapsulation, Inheritance, and Polymorphism, are followed by the well-known programming language Java.
Abstraction:
Data abstraction is the process of masking implementation specifics and simply providing the user with the information they require. This is accomplished in Java by using abstract classes and interfaces. Although they cannot be created from scratch, abstract classes can be used to describe methods that will be utilised by subclasses. On the other side, interfaces offer a means of specifying a set of methods that a class must implement.
Encapsulation:
Encapsulation is the practise of combining data and methods within a class to shield the data from disturbance from the outside world. This is accomplished in Java by using access modifiers, which regulate the visibility of the class members and include private, public, and protected. This makes it more likely that only authorised users will access and modify the data.
INHERITANCE PROCESS:
A new class is made from an existing class through the method of inheritance. This can be done in Java by using the “extends” keyword, which enables a new class to inherit the traits and functions of an existing one. As a result, developers can customize existing classes while simultaneously creating new ones with similar functionality.
Polymorphism:
The term “polymorphism” describes an object’s capacity to assume various forms. This is accomplished in Java by using method overloading and overriding. When a subclass provides its own implementation of a method that is already specified in its parent class, this is known as method overriding. When a class offers numerous methods with the same name but different parameters, this is known as method overloading. This enables more adaptable and effective coding.
CONCLUSION:
In conclusion, Java programming is fundamentally based on the OOP ideas of Data Abstraction, Encapsulation, Inheritance, and Polymorphism. They give programmers the ability to construct software systems that are more effective, versatile, and scalable. Developers may write better code, decrease defects and errors, and ultimately produce more successful software projects by grasping these ideas and efficiently putting them to use.
