FORE:A few stories may be taken as illustrative of thousands to indicate the mischief and travesty of justice which arises from the neglect of this principle, and from the custom of making a legal inquiry into moral antecedents.
FORE:Who, then, will be the rightful interpreter of the laws? Will it be the sovereign, the trustee of the actual wills of all, or the judge, whose sole function[127] it is to examine whether such and such a man has committed an illegal act or not?
FORE:In view of these principles it will appear strange (to anyone who does not reflect, that reason has, so to speak, never yet legislated for a nation), that it is just the most atrocious crimes or the most secret and chimerical onesthat is, those of the least probabilitywhich are proved by conjectures or by the weakest and most equivocal proofs: as if it were the interest of the laws and of the judge, not to search for the truth, but to find out the crime; as if the danger of condemning an innocent man were not so much the greater, the greater the probability of his innocence over that of his guilt.It was by the advice of Scarlett, Lord Abinger, that he ventured to aim at the repeal of all statutes punishing mere theft with death; but, deeming it hopeless to urge their abolition all at once, he resolved to begin with that famous statute of Elizabeth which made it a capital crime to steal a handkerchief or anything else from the person of another which was of the value of a shilling. His bill to effect this[60] passed both Houses the same year it was introduced (1808), in spite of the strong opposition of the great legal dignitaries in either House. The statute was based, said Judge Burton, on the experience of two and a half centuries. The alternative punishment of transportation for seven years, said the Attorney-General, would be too short; it should be for more years than seven, if not for life. If any change of punishment were necessary, said Lord Ellenborough, it should be transportation for life.
FORE:[113]We shall see, if we open histories, that laws, which[118] are or ought to be covenants between free men, have generally been nothing but the instrument of the passions of some few men, or the result of some accidental and temporary necessity. They have never been dictated by an unimpassioned student of human nature, able to concentrate the actions of a multitude of men to a single point of view, and to consider them from that point alonethe greatest happiness divided among the greatest number. Happy are those few nations which have not waited for the slow movement of human combinations and changes to cause an approach to better things, after intolerable evils, but have hastened the intermediate steps by good laws; and deserving is that philosopher of the gratitude of mankind, who had the courage, from the obscurity of his despised study, to scatter abroad among the people the first seeds, so long fruitless, of useful truths.
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项目名称 |
开始时间 |
结束时间 |
状态 |
责任人 |
| 1 |
Adminto Admin v1 |
01/01/2016 |
26/04/2016 |
已发布 |
Coderthemes |
| 2 |
Adminto Frontend v1 |
01/01/2016 |
26/04/2016 |
已发布 |
Adminto admin |
| 3 |
Adminto Admin v1.1 |
01/05/2016 |
10/05/2016 |
未开展 |
Coderthemes |
| 4 |
Adminto Frontend v1.1 |
01/01/2016 |
31/05/2016 |
进行中
|
Adminto admin |
| 5 |
Adminto Admin v1.3 |
01/01/2016 |
31/05/2016 |
即将开始 |
Coderthemes |
| 6 |
Adminto Admin v1.3 |
01/01/2016 |
31/05/2016 |
即将开始 |
Adminto admin |
| 7 |
Adminto Admin v1.3 |
01/01/2016 |
31/05/2016 |
即将开始 |
Adminto admin |
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